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KMID : 1001320140410010065
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Social Welfare Policy
2014 Volume.41 No. 1 p.65 ~ p.94
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China’s Welfare System in Transition: The Way from Multi-segmental System to Socially Integrated System
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Kim Ga-Yul
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Abstract
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This study aims to examine how China`s welfare system has been transformed before and after China`s open-door policy. During the period of socialist planned-economy from 1949 to 1978, the multi-segmental social security system was the most prominent feature, which was distinctly divided into three sectors, i.e. state, enterprise(danwei), and rural collective(jiti) sector. These three were self-closed and independent one another, and each enterprise or collective was totally responsible for its organizational members` welfare. However, the market economy system didn`t fit to the traditional welfare system of the past, requiring socially integrated welfare system. The new system was mainly promoted by the economic reform and the collapse of the ``danwei`` system. At present, China`s social security system is shaping up toward more advanced and modernized one. Many problems, however, exist in it such as urban-rural dualized security system, fragmentation between the systems and within one system, and inequity. These issues have historical roots, and they cannot be solved in a short time. China`s urban-rural gap, especially, is unique in nature, which is resulted from many factors such as social system, past and present economy policy, and related institutional problems etc.. Due to those social conditions, it is frequently argued that China`s social security system has to go her own way, so called "the way with China characteristics." If China hope to achieve her ultimate goal, "socialist welfare society", the challenges mentioned above have to be overcome successfully.
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KEYWORD
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China`s social welfare, the reform of the social security system in China, the way with Chinese characteristics, danwei system, danwei security
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